Joseph Raynes letter 1838

Cincinnati to Bonsall

Joseph Raynes lived in Bonsall with 6 brothers and sisters until 1831, when he emigrated to Baltimore in Maryland, USA. He later moved to Cincinnati, Ohio because of riots in Baltimore. He wrote regular letters home to his family in Bonsall, describing life in America. Ten of these letters are held by University of Maryland. Another dated 1838 (not held by the University) is held by the webmaster and is described on this webpage. Joseph Raynes died in 1849, and is buried in Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati.

INDEX | History | Correspondence | Letters | Obituary | Cholera | Tree | Census | Accident | Remarriage | Scan | Grave | Oddments | Transcription | emails |

Scans

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Scans and Transcriptions of all 4 pages of this 1838 letter are Provided on a separate webpage.

Obituary

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From Cincinnati Daily Gazette May 10 1849 Joseph RAYNES died of cholera in 1849 at his home in Cincinnati.

Grave

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Grave of Joseph RAYNES in Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati. Although heavily weathered, some words can just be read from an enlarged photo. JOSEPH RAYNES Bonsall Derbyshire Eng. Born? 1804 Died May 8 1849 ------- MARIA MILLER Died June 8 1868 Aged 74 years

Cholera

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See Cincinnatians and Cholera: Attitudes toward the epidemics of 1832 and 1849 "From Mid-April to Mid-October 4,700 of Cincinnati's 116,000 inhabitants succombed [to cholera]" This register, kept by the staff of the Sandusky City Hospital during the 1849 cholera epidemic, records patients discharged and deceased. The register is twelve pages long and lists eighty-three names. It measures 4.6" x 7" (11.68 cm x 17.78 cm). Cholera was a major threat in the 19th century. Due to poor sanitation and ignorance of the causes of disease, Sandusky suffered several cholera outbreaks in the 1840s and 1850s. The most devastating outbreak occurred in the summer of 1849, when 400 people died and many more fled the city in fear. The city's population before the outbreak was about 5,000; it is estimated that fewer than 1,000 remained in the city during the cholera. The 1882 History of Sandusky County reported that "medical men [were] taxed to their utmost to stem the tide of disease and death." The devastation caused by cholera and other epidemics helped to inspire improvements in medical care, research, and sanitation practices such as water treatment.

Oddments

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History

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Members of the Raynes (also spelled "Rains") family lived in Bonsall, in Derbyshire, England, in the nineteenth century. Francis Raynes (b. ca. 1768) and his wife Susan Bunting had at least five children who lived to adulthood: Joseph, Benjamin (d. 1833), Jacob (d. 1833), Ann (1795-1865), and Harriett (1813-1890). Most of what is known about Joseph Raynes comes from his letters home. In May 1831, Raynes left Bonsall for Liverpool, where he reserved a space on the brig The Russian. He arrived in Baltimore, Maryland, on June 26. Raynes found employment almost immediately with a saddler and soon after went into business on his own. Raynes moved his saddling business to Lexington Market in 1832, where it prospered. Sometime in 1833, his father became ill, most likely of typhus, although the exact nature of the illness is unknown. Of more pressing concern were the deaths in October, 1833 of his brothers, Jacob and Benjamin, in a rail accident. The brothers were returning from Manchester and Liverpool, where they had traveled on behalf of their tortoiseshell comb business, when the railway coach in which they were riding derailed. Benjamin died almost instantly; Jacob was horribly injured and died the next day. Benjamin left three children, at least two of them sons. Raynes promised to send for either Jacob (b. 1830) or Isaac (b. 1831) as soon as they were old enough. It does not appear that either of the brothers ever made the journey; Isaac died in Bonsall in 1877 and Jacob married and lived in Bonsall through at least 1861. By 1836, Raynes had married. The poor economic situation in Baltimore, as well as riots related to the Bank of Maryland scandal of 1834, provided impetus for a move to St. Louis, Missouri. By 1840, Raynes and his wife had settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, and had adopted a six-year-old orphan girl. Raynes is believed to have died sometime in 1849. Joseph RAYNES papers University of Maryland Archives

Correspondence

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Series 1: Correspondence, 1831-1849 (10 items) Series I consists of nine letters he wrote between May 1831 and July 1843 to his family in Bonsall, in Derbyshire, England, and one letter written by his cousin, Jane Cliff, to his sister, Harriett Raynes. Raynes wrote to his family in great detail about his journey to America and his subsequent struggles as an immigrant, beginning with his departure from Liverpool in 1831. Of particular interest is his letter dated July 16, 1831, in which he describes his first glimpse of the Chesapeake Bay. Raynes accompanied the captain of the ship and some other passengers on an excursion to the shore before landing in Baltimore, and he mentioned seeing "beautiful horses," "negroes" loading tobacco, and a planter's house. Raynes was impressed with Baltimore, and in the same July 6th letter, states that there "are a many elligent [sic] buildings in Baltimore, two very handsom [sic] monuments are erected, one to the memory of Washington." He also compared the relative prices of clothing, tortoiseshell, rent, soap, and groceries with those in England. Raynes was impressed with the work ethic in America. In February 1832, he wrote, "it is too often the case when people come to this country they expect great things without putting their shoulder to the weel [sic]. That is a mistake with such people. I will assure you people must work _hard_ who come to America to get a livelihood." Following the deaths of his brothers Benjamin and Jacob in October 1833, Raynes became very concerned with the well-being of his sisters, his aging parents, and his nephews. He wrote that he intended to send for one of his brother Benjamin's sons as soon as he was able. Raynes gave advice to his sisters regarding the settlement of his brothers' affairs and offered to give a portion of his inheritance to his sisters so that they would be financially secure. Raynes's business may have prospered, but the overall economic situation in the United States was in decline. In a letter dated September 1, 1834, Raynes referred to the closing of the Bank of Maryland in March 1834, and commented that he managed to move his account to another institution on the advice of a "particular friend." He was able to further enlarge his business in March 1835. He took up residence behind his shop, which he considered "much safer as there is a set of evil disposed men going about burning people's property." Two of the letters were written by Raynes from Cincinnati, where he had set up a saddler business. He was very impressed with the Methodist church he attended in Cincinnati, especially the annual camp meeting outside of the city. In 1840, he told his sisters, "...you may think it was a very disorderly place, but there was as much order kept as if it was a place of worship in the city." Included in the collection is one letter written by Jane Cliff, Raynes's cousin, to his sister, Harriett Raynes, in 1849. In the letter, Cliff wrote, "We were extremely sorry to hear of the death of your dear brother. . ." Although she did not mention him by name, Cliff is probably referring to Joseph Raynes, since all other known brothers were deceased by this time. Joseph RAYNES papers University of Maryland Archives

Letters

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01   Letter written by Joseph Raynes, in Liverpool, to his family, May 10, 1831        addressed to Mr F. Raynes | Bonsall | Nr Wirksworth | Derbyshire 02   Letter written by Joseph Raynes, in Baltimore, to his family, Jul 06, 1831        addressed to Mr Francis Raynes | Bonsall | Nr Wirksworth | Derbyshire | Old England 03   Letter written by Joseph Raynes, in Baltimore, to his family, Feb 04, 1832        addressed to Mr Jacob Raynes | Bonsall | Nr Wirksworth | Derbyshire | Old England 04   Letter written by Joseph Raynes, in Baltimore, to his family, Sep 01, 1834        addressed to Miss Ann Raynes | Bonsall | Nr Wirksworth | Derbyshire |Great Britain 05   Letter written by Joseph Raynes, in Baltimore, to his family, Mar 04, 1835        addressed to Miss Ann Raynes | Bonsall | Nr Wirksworth | Derbyshire 06   Letter written by Joseph Raynes, in Baltimore, to his family, Apr 13, 1835        addressed to 07   Letter written by Joseph Raynes, in Baltimore, to his family, May 14, 1835        addressed to Miss Ann Raynes | Bonsall | Nr Wirksworth | Derbyshire 08   Letter written by Joseph Raynes, in Baltimore, to his family, Mar 24, 1836        addressed to Miss Ann Raynes | Bonsall | Nr Wirksworth | Derbyshire | Great Britain 09   Letter written by Joseph Raynes, in Cinncinati, to his family, Jun 01, 1838        addressed to Miss Ann Raynes | Bonsall | Nr Wirksworth | Derbyshire | Old England 10   Letter written by Joseph Raynes, in Cinncinati, to his family, Sep 14, 1840        addressed to Miss Ann Raynes | Bonsall Nr Wirksworth | Derbyshire | Great Britain 11   Letter written by Joseph Raynes, in Cinncinati, to his family, Jul 24, 1843        addressed to Mr George S Ward | at Mr Pidcocks | Olive Township | Morgan County | Ohio 12   Letter from Jayne Cliff to Harriet Raynes on the death of Joseph Raynes, July 14, 1849        addressed to Miss Harriett Raynes | Bonsall nr Matlock Bath | Derbyshire Joseph RAYNES papers University of Maryland Archives

Accident

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Derby Mercury Wednesday 09 October 1833 LAMENTABLE ACCIDENT ON THE CROMFORD AND HIGH PEAK RAILWAY. "The following dreadful accident attended with loss of life, occurred on Saturday evening the 5th instant, on the Cromford and High Peak Railway: - A train of six waggons arrived at the engine-house of the Middleton inclined plane, about a quarter past six o’clock on Saturday evening; the first was loaded to the weight of two tons 6 cwt.; the second contained six passengers; the last four were empty. The engineer (according to the positive instructions of the committee) ordered the passengers to dismount and walk down the plane; they did dismount, but when the engineer went down to set the chain in motion, the passengers got into the waggon again. The train had not advanced far when a link of the chain broke; the preventer of the leading waggon, instead of taking the ground in the usual way, and stopping the train, tripped for several yards, and checked the velocity which the breaking of the link threatened. This gave time for the passengers to jump out, on the attendants calling to them that the chain was broken. Four of them obeyed the warning, the others (two brothers) kept their seats as if insensible of their imminent danger. At this moment the preventer lost its groundings, and doubled under the waggon. The velocity became frightful for fifty or sixty yards, when the leading waggon was thrown off the rails and upset. The second, contained the two infatuated brothers, rushed on to the top of the loading of the first; this threw the unfortunate men from their seats against the third waggon, which was pitched with dreadful force upon the other two. By this concussion the two brothers (Benjamin and Jacob Rains) were so injured as to occasion the death of the elder (Benjamin) in about fifteen minutes. The younger (Jacob) whose head and face was most shockingly lacerated, expired about half-past five o’clock on Sunday evening, having survived his dreadful injuries about twenty-three hours. The deceased were by trade, tortoiseshell comb makers, residing at Bonsall, in this county. They had been to Manchester and Liverpool, collecting orders and purchasing materials, and were returning home by the rail-road. At the bottom of the Hopton Moor plane, the conductor of the train pointed out to the deceased the nearest way to their home; but they persisted in their intention of proceeding to Middleton, and thus became the victims of their own indiscretion. The elder brother has left a wife and three children to lament his untimely end; the younger was unmarried. They both bore excellent characters for industry and sobriety."

Tree for RAYNES and CLIFF

Index

Taken from Dawn Scottings Ancestry tree for Joseph Raynes

1713 1725 Joseph Eleanor RAINS=====v=====PRIME unknown 1794 | 1798 | | | | | |--------|------|------|--------|--------|------|-------|-------| | | | | | | | | | | 1758 1758 1761 1763 1764 1767 1770 1772 | Abraham Isaac Francis William Jacob George Joseph Ann | 1759 1840 1838 1763 1768 1772 | | | | | | |--------------------------------|------| | | | | 1764 1758 1761 1774 1767 1765 Elizh Isaac Francis 1794 Elizabeth Elizabeth Thomas FLINT=====v=====RAINS RAINS=====v=====CLIFF STEVENSON=====v=====CLIFF 1848 1840 1838 | 1841 1852 | 1844 | | | | |----|----|-----|-----|---------|------|---------|-------|------| | | | | | | | | | | | | 1795 1797 1798 1798 1801 1804 1808 1808 1808 1812 | Ann John Isaac Jacob Benjamin Joseph Elizabeth Francis Thomas Harriet | 1865 1797 1800 1833 1833 1849 1808 1808 1808 1890 | | | | | | | | | | 1802 1801 1804 1794 | Grace 1829 Benjamin Joseph 1831? Maria 1852 Francis| LOXLEY=====v=====RAINS RAYNES=====v=====MILLER=====v=====MILLER | | 1833 1849 | 1868 | | | | |------|------| X | | | | | 1829 1831 1833 | Jacob Isaac Joseph | 1904 1877 1834 | | |----|----|-------|-------|----|------|------|---------|-----| | | | | | | | | | | 1788 1789 1791 1793 1796 1798 1800 1805 1808 1810 John Ann Frances William Mary Thomas Robert Elizabeth Sarah Jane 1855 Webb CLIFF Birthplaces: RAINS/RAYNES: Bonsall, Derbyshire CLIFF: Weston upon Trent, Staffordshire Jane CLIFF: Wednesbury, Staffordshire.

Census

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====================================================================== 1841 Census----------------------- ---Yeoman Street---[Bonsall]---------- Bn018a Ann RAYNES 43 f Y Ind Bn018b Harriott RAYNES 29 f Y Ind ====================================================================== 1851 Census---------------------- #024---Yeoman Street---[Bonsall]--- (p6, Brassington district, Enumeration district 11b, HO 107/2146) Bn099a Ann RAYNES Head U 52 F Proprietor of House Bonsall And Land Bn099b Harriott RAYNES Sister U 37 F Proprietor of House Bonsall And Land 1851 Census---------------------- #099---Scarthin Nick---[Matlock]--- Mk099a William STONE Head M 37 M Carpenter,joiner Matlock Empl 4 men Mk099b Anthony STONE Son 7 M Scholar Matlock Mk099c John STONE Son 6 M Scholar Matlock Mk099d Isaac RAYNES Appr U 20 M Carpenters appr Bonsall 1851 Census---------------------- #037---Coldwell St---[Wirksworth]--- W037a Samuel ROWLAND Head M 48 M Inn Keeper Bredsall W037b Elizabeth ROWLAND Wife M 46 F Exminster DEV W037c Martha Ann ROWLAND Dau 6 F Scholar Wirksworth W037d Elizabeth ROWLAND Dau 4 F Scholar Wirksworth W037e Emma TOMLINSON Servant U 26 F Waiter at Red Lion Netherseal LEI W037f Ann CLOUGH Servant U 15 F General servant Wirksworth W037g Mary RAYNES Servant U 17 F General servant Grange Mill W037h Arthur WALKER Servant U 21 M General servant Middleton W037i William HILTON Lodger M 51 M Comm.trav.hatter Manchester LAN ====================================================================== 1861 Census--------------------- #25---Yeoman Street 18---[Bonsall]--- Bn025a Ann RAYNES Head U 65 F Landed proprietor Bonsall Bn025b Harriett RAYNES Sister U 48 F Landed proprietor Bonsall 1861 Census--------------------- #26---Yeoman Street---[Bonsall]--- Bn026a Isaac RAYNES Lodger U 30 M House carpenter Bonsall 1861 Census-------------------- #41---Yeoman Street 33---[Bonsall]--- Bn041a Isaac RAYNES Head M 47 M Farmer 20 acres land Ivon Brook Grange Bn041b Hannah RAYNES Wife M 44 F Farmers wife Bonsall Bn041c Emma RAYNES Dau U 12 F Scholar Ible Bn041d John RAYNES Son 10 M Scholar Bonsall Bn041e Mary RAYNES Dau 8 F Scholar Bonsall Bn041f Ann RAYNES Dau 6 F Scholar Bonsall Bn041g Jane RAYNES Dau 4 F Scholar Bonsall Bn041h Lucy RAYNES Dau 1 F Scholar Bonsall 1861 Census------------------- #93---Bright Gate 2---[Bonsall]--- Bn228a Jacob RAYNES Head M 31 M Joiner Bonsall Bn228b Mary RAYNES Wife M 37 F Bonsall Bn228c Harriet RAYNES Dau 8 F Scholar Stockport LAN ====================================================================== 1871 Census---------------------- #42------[Bonsall]--- Bn042a Harriet RAYNES Head U 58 F Bonsall ====================================================================== 1881 Census--------------------- #44---Yeoman St---[Bonsall]---(RG11-3426-3-p9) Bn041a Harriet RAYNES Head U 68 F Income from land Bonsall ======================================================================

Transcription

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-----------------Page 1------------------------------- direct as before Mr Joseph Raynes Saddler eighth Street between Elm & Plum Streets Cincinnati Ohio North America Cincinnati June 2 1838 My Dear Father & Mother Sisters Uncle & Aunt I hope you will excuse me not answering your letter sooner I have been waiting expecting a Gentleman going to England as he would favour me by taking those books safe but it is now uncertain if he goes to England for some time My Dear Sister I wil send you the books the first opportunity my sisters Ann & Harriet I am often thinking of you and offer my Prayers to Almighty God to defend & protect you through all your difficulties I am very sorry your money was not deposited in safer hands get all you can & don't let it trouble you you will get through the world without it if I had been in England Mr Chapman would not have trifled with you in the trifling manner in which he did Every one of the Raynes family depended on Mr Chapman acting the Part of Justice if I had been in England at the time Mr Chapman was acting the Rascal with you you should have sued Mr Topham & have made him Paid the money or given security, I am very much obliged to Mr Mills for the favour & kindness he has favoured you with I hope you have let the other Part of the mill by this time you did not send me word if you disposed of my late brothers machinery & working tools am very glad you manage very well with your farming Business I often think of my aged Parents & Uncle & Aunt I am very sorry Uncle has had so severe attack of the Influenza I hope you all are now enjoying the best of health at this time I thank God Mrs Raynes and myself is enjoying the Best of Health I think you never see me look better I am doing very ------------Page 2---------------------- very well in Business at Cincinnati considering the dullness of the times, I yet confine myself to a small business I am now employing two journeymen I have one apprentice I shall take another as soon as as times gets better I work very hard myself as I always did the Banks are not paying Specie for their own notes yet & its uncertain when they will do perhaps not until next Spring which causes great derangement in the Currency, I had the great pleasure of having a Verbal Intercourse with Mr John Burton & Miss Jane Burton they stayed but a few hours at Cincinnati Miss Jane Burton took breakfast with me & Mrs Raynes, she told me I had a nice Lady for my wife I took Miss Burton to see St Pauls Church & other fine buildings she thought Cincinnati a very fine city she observed of the streets being wide & regukar & of the shops being very handsome & as fine & fashionable as in any town in England she told me she would like to live at Cincinnati, where Mr John Burton & Mr Robert Burton is living is fifteen hundred miles from Cincinnati a Gent told me Mr Robert Burton was worth twenty thousand pounds if not more they have a steam boat running from Cincinnati to Galleaner Captain Robert Burton told me the boat cost them building about five thousand pounds the steam boats are constructed so as they carry a great deal of freight and many passengers Its Mr Robert Burton son Robert which is Captain of the boat he was married to a Lady at Cincinnati a few months ago If I had one of my late brothers boys I would raise him to my business its no more for one of them to leave their Mother than for me to leave mine My dear sisters The Revd Mr John our worthy minister lent me one of his books to read the title of it was ---------------Page 3-------------------------------- The Rise & Progress of Religion in the Soul by Philip Doddridge DD since I commenced writing this letter I have seen Captain Robert Burton he told me that his Aunt Jane was married on the beginning of last month to a gentleman of the name of Bonsall he is a native of Yorkshire he has been in America about four years he is in the smelting business at Galena I told her when I saw her at Cincinnati that she would soon get married in America, Mr & Mrs Bonsall is going to reside about tenty miles from Mr John Burton Mr John & Thomas Burton is engaged in the smelting business at Dubuque that is about twenty miles from Galena Captain Robert Burton told me to send his love to his Grandmother & to all in Bonsall Friends one of the Mr Morliges call to see me last week they have a nice farm about seven miles from Cincinnati Old Mr Morligues is still living Mr & Mrs Orange & me & Mrs Raynes has an invitation to go out & spend the day at Mr Morliges we all intend driving out in a carriage together in a few weeks the youngest of the Miss Morliges died about a year ago, Mr Orange that is Mrs Berresford daughter Elizabeth was confined of a fine boy about two months ago Mr Orange is a good customer of mine he bought about twenty pounds worth of saddlery of me week before last Mr samuel Berresford is a very good customer since I have been at Cincinnati I have sold more than Fifty pounds worth of sadlery to people from Baltimore that was customers to me at that city Mrs Beresford is seventy four years of age she was at my house last week she says she thinks so much of me because I came from Paewich we had a Grand Consert of Sacred Musick at St Pauls Church last week to assist in defraying the expense of the organ Mrs Raynes & me was there I paid nine shillings of English money for two tickets I wished you had been with me you would ----------------Page 4------------------------------- have been quite delighted I have now some good news to send you I see in the Paper today the Banks are now in in a prosperous way for paying specie now we shall soon have good times in America I see in the Papers the young Queen will be crowned this month, give my kind respect to Mrs Flint & to Mrs Batement & Mr Frost & family Give my respects to Mrs Burton & tell her I beleive Jane has got a very good husband My respects to Mrs Marsh & family & to my Bonsall friends I hope you will write as soon as you can as I am anxious to know how you all are I suppose the boys are grown fine boys by this time if I had them here I could do better for them than Grace can do for them at Bonsall Give my Respects to Grace I must now conclude Friday evening June 8 Past nine tomorrow is the day the Bonsall Club People march my dear sisters you must keep up your spirits & you must write to me as soon as you can can make it convenient I will Pomise you I will not delay writing so long the next time Mrs Raynes joins me in love to you all I remain my dear sisters & parents your affectionate Joseph Raynes --------------------------Front-------------------------------------- Paid 25 Miss Ann Raynes Bonsall Nr Wirksworth Derbyshire Old England By first packet ship From NY to Liverpool --------------------------------------------------------

Remarriage

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emails

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----Anyone with more details for publication on this webpage, please email ---- ------------------------ From Dawn Scotting on 16may2014 The first person to be baptised in Bonsall with the surname of REINS was in 1658. After that it was spelt variously REINES, REYNS, REYNES, RAYNS, RAYNES, RANES, RAINS, RAINES and even sometimes without the S. Joseph & his siblings all had the spelling of RAYNES at their baptisms in Bonsall. Cheers....Dawn ------------------------ Sent by Sherri (NJ, USA) on 13may2014 In regards to Joseph RAYNES, found this on Google Books: Journal of the Senate of the ... General Assembly of the State of Ohio..., Volume 39, Page 236: Joseph RAYNES owned a harness shop in Cincinnati in 1840. He testified regarding an employee being involved in voter fraud in the 1840 presidential election. Regards, Sherri NJ, USA ------------------------ From Dawn Scotting on 12may2014 For those with ancestry access I have Joseph Rains/Raynes in my Winster Family Tree on there:- http://trees.ancestry.com.au/tree/33564859/person/18496088053?pgNum=1 I've had a copy of his letter for years and it's posted in my tree on ancestry, I've also included a transcription of it (as written). Joseph Raynes son of Francis RAINS & Elizabeth CLIFF born 22 May 1804 at Bonsall baptised 21 Oct 1804 in St James Church emigrated from Liverpool to Baltimore on the 11 May 1831 on board the brig 'Russian' (not sure if that is the departed or arrival date) is living in Cincinnati Ohio in the 1840 census - in the house are 2 males aged between 15-20 & 30-40 and two females aged between 5-10 & 20-30. he died in Cincinnati in 1849 he mentions a wife but doesn't include her name he had nine siblings all born in Bonsall I hadn't caught up with the Derbyshire list mail today so didn't see this until I was alerted to it by Winston. I didn't know of Joseph's headstone so going to check that out now. Cheers....Dawn ©¿©¬ ------------------------ Sent by Winston Cochrane on 12may2014 John, Since I live in the Cincinnati area, you got my interest. RAYNES is buried in Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati, a very beautiful and historic cemetery. I plan to be buried there - date yet to be determined! Here is a link to his memorial in Find A Grave: www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=raynes&GSbyrel=all&GSd yrel=all&GSst=37&GScntry=4&GSob=n&GRid=79020060&df=all& A Maria Miller is also listed on the headstone. Looks like she died in 1868 at age 74. His wife perhaps? Spring Grove doesn't list interments on their website. I will contact them to see if I can get any further information, such as relatives, etc. I will also contact some other local resources with the objective of trying to find any local descendants that would be interested. This may take a few days, but I will get back to you. Regards, Winston Cochrane Maineville, OH

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